from the editor
Iatrogenic keratectasia: Current knowledge, current measurements
Thomas Kohnen, MD

letters
Big bubble technique in anterior lamellar keratoplasty
Anita Panda, MD, NAMS, FICS, MRC(Ophth), Mayank S. Pangtey, MD, Parul Sony, MD, Sudershan Khokhar, MD

Prevention of capsular block syndrome
Harinder Sethi, MD, Tanuj Dada, MD

Silicone oil bubbles in ophthalmic viscosurgical devices
Ines M. Lanzl, MD, PhD, Ralph Laurent Merté, MD, PhD

Noncontact tonometry after LASIK
Giovanni Cennamo, MD, Nicola Rosa, MD

Heparin in the irrigation solution during cataract surgery
Huseyin Bayramlar, MD, Ugur C. Keskin, MD

Comparison of prophylactic measures
Somdutt Prasad, MS, FRCSEd

consultation section
cataract surgical problem, edited by Samuel Masket, MD
Eight years after bilateral cataract extraction, a 66-year-old physician recently developed induced myopia and a capsular bag that is distended with a turbid gray fluid and fluffy white material in 1 eye.
Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, MD, Dennis S.C. Lam, FRCS, FRCOphth, Ricky W.K. Law, FRCS, Arthur C.K. Cheng, MRCS, Carmen K.M. Chan, MRCP, MRCOphth, Kensaku Miyake, MD, David J. Spalton, FRCP, FRCS, FRCOphth, Kevin M. Miller, MD, Okihiro Nishi, MD, Paul S. Koch, MD, Marie-José Tassignon, MD, R. Bruce Wallace, MD, Giuseppe Ravalico, MD, Roger F. Steinert, MD

techniques
Transition to nonpenetrating trabecular surgery: Sclerotrabeculectomy
Philippe Sourdille, MD, Pierre-Yves Santiago, MD, He´le`ne Bresson-Dumont, MD

Posterior chamber intraocular lens supported by an intact vitreous face
Renuka Srinivasan, MS, Amjad Salman, MS, Pragya Parmar, MS, Deepak Sukumaran, DO, DNB

articles
Evaluation of the prophylactic use of mitomycin-C to inhibit haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy  
Francesco Carones, MD, Luca Vigo, MD, Elena Scandola, MD, Letizia Vacchini, MD
The intraoperative use of a 0.2 mg/mL mitomycin-C solution applied topically immediately after the ablation led to more accurate and precise results in PRK for medium and high myopia.
Comparative performance of intraocular lenses in eyes with cataract and uveitis   
Jorge L. Alió, MD, PhD, Enrique Chipont, MD, PhD, David BenEzra, MD, PhD, Mohamed A. Fakhry, MD, International Ocular Inflammation Society Study Group of Uveitic Cataract Surgery
Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, especially of foldable acrylic lenses, in selected cases of uveitic cataract was safe and effective with excellent visual outcomes and few postoperative complications.

Analyzing refractive data
Stephen B. Kaye, MD, William F. Harris, PhD
A general approach to analyzing refractive data was developed. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional techniques and can be easily adapted to spreadsheets.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes after an acute increase in intraocular pressure
Michele Iester, MD, Patrick Tizte, MD, André Mermoud, MD
The increase in IOP such as that during LASIK suction did not decrease the RNFLT in normal eyes.

Change in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis  
Joann Y. Nevyas, MD, Herbert J. Nevyas, MD, Anita Nevyas-Wallace, MD
Comparison of GDx before LASIK, 1 week to 4 months postoperatively, and at 6 months showed some change but suggests that the IOP rise during LASIK does not cause glaucoma.

Frequency-doubling perimetry after photorefractive keratectomy
Michele Vetrugno, MD, Nicola Cardascia, MD, Anna Maino, MD, Grazia Maria Quaranta, MD, Luigi Cardia, MD
Photorefractive keratectomy for up to
7.0 D did not affect the results of frequency-doubling perimetry.

Repeatability and validity of Zywave aberrometer measurements
Willem J. Hament, MD, Vaisjaly A. Nabar, MD, Rudy M.M.A. Nuijts, MD, PhD
Depending on pupil size, Zywave aberrometer measurements of spherical equivalent were significantly more myopic than subjective manifest refraction and noncycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction. The repeatability of the Zywave measurements was excellent.

Comparison of ultrasound pachymetry and partial coherence interferometry in the measurement of central corneal thickness
Georg Rainer, MD, Vanessa Petternel, MD, Oliver Findl, MD, Leopold Schmetterer, PhD, Christian Skorpik, MD, Alexandra Luksch, MD, Wolfgang Drexler, PhD
Partial coherence laser interferometry gave 20 to 26 μm smaller central corneal thickness values than ultrasonic pachymetry. Repeated contact with a pachymetry probe reduced corneal thickness by 1.3 μm.

Mismatch between the flap and stromal areas after laser in situ keratomileusis as source of flap striae
William N. Charman, DSc
Excess flap area increased with the magnitude of the refractive correction and the diameter of the ablated zone. The mismatch between the flap and ablated stroma may have clinical consequences.

Analyzing small-incision cataract surgery by Orbscan II fourth-dimensional pachymetry mapping
Christina N. Grupcheva, MD, Andrew F. Riley, MBChB, Jennifer P. Craig, PhD, Tahira Y. Malik, FRCOphth, Charles N.J. McGhee, PhD, FRCOphth
Using fourth-dimensional pachymetry subtraction maps, it was found that scleral and corneal tunnel small-incision phacoemulsification had little but similar effects on corneal thickness 4 weeks postoperatively.

Long-term effect of cataract surgery on intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy: Extracapsular extraction versus phacoemulsification  
Robert J. Casson, FRACO, Claire E. Riddell, FRCOphth, Rubina Rahman, FRCOphth, Daniel Byles, FRCOphth, John F. Salmon, MD
Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation provided better long-term IOP control than ECCE in patients who have had a trabeculectomy.

Phacoemulsification with indocyanine green versus manual expression extracapsular cataract extraction for advanced cataract
David H. Yi, MD, Brian R. Sullivan, MD
In a series of cases involving management of advanced cataract with poor red reflex, ICG-assisted phacoemulsification was associated with better visual acuity than ECCE at all postoperative intervals.

Pupil diameter changes and reaction after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation
Richard J. Keuch, MD, Heinrich Bleckmann, MD
After ICL implantation in hyperopic and myopic eyes, the pupil diameter was smaller and the constriction and redilation of the pupil were sluggish.

Microbial contamination of the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification
Renuka Srinivasan, DO, MS, Sambath Tiroumal, MS, DNB, Reba Kanungo, MD, PhD, Mangudi Kanakasabai Natarajan, MSc
Perioperative anterior chamber aspirates of 80 patients having routine phacoemulsification revealed a microbial contamination rate of 46.25%, which was no less than in previous studies of conventional ECCE.

Preventing intraocular pressure increase after phacoemulsification and the role of perioperative apraclonidine
Savitha R. Kasetti, FRCSEd, Shrivatsa P. Desai, FRCOphth, Subramaniam Sivakumar, FRCSEd, Palaniswamy Sunderraj, FRCOphth, FRCSEd
Perioperative apraclonidine 1% did not prevent significant IOP rise in the early period after uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.

laboratory science
Accuracy of Orbscan II slit-scanning elevation topography
Gerard Cairns, MCOptom, Charles N.J. McGhee, PhD, FRCOphth, Michael J. Collins, PhD, Helen Owens, PhD, Greg D. Gamble, MSc
The anterior surface elevation measurements of standard test objects by Orbscan II were small both centrally and peripherally.

Nitric oxide levels in aqueous humor after lens extraction and poly(methyl methacrylate) and foldable acrylic intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes
Piotr Jurowski, MD, Roman Goś, MD, Grazÿyna Piasecka, MD
The nitric oxide level increased less after phacoemulsification with foldable IOLs than after ECCE and ECCE with PMMA IOLs.

special reports
Complications of foldable intraocular lenses requiring explantation or secondary intervention—2001 survey update
Nick Mamalis, MD

Resident cataract surgical training in United States residency programs
Angela Rowden, MD, Rohit Krishna, MD

update/review
Progressive post-LASIK keratectasia: Biomechanical instability or chronic disease process?
Ian F. Comaish, MA, FRCOphth, Michael A. Lawless, FRCOphth, FRACO, FRACS
Review examines whether progressive post-LASIK keratectasia is a biomechanical result of LASIK, a chronic disease process, or a combination of these processes.

case reports
Bilateral spontaneous subluxation of scleral-fixated intraocular lenses
Ehud I. Assia, MD, Arie Nemet, MD, Dani Sachs, MD

Malignant glaucoma induced by a phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens for myopia
Laurent Kodjikian, MD, Philippe Gain, MD, PhD, David Donate, MD, Fre´de´ric Rouberol, MD, Carole Burillon, MD

Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens pupillary block
Stephen S. Bylsma, MD, Alan H. Zalta, MD, Eugene Foley, MD, Robert H. Osher, MD

Refractive changes produced by capsule contraction after piggyback acrylic intraocular lens implantation
Richard J. Hesse, MD

Phacoemulsification with a blow-out fracture in the early postoperative period
David W. Teenan, MB, ChB, FRCS(Ed), FRCOphth, David C. Saunders, MB, ChB, DO, FRCOphth

Intralenticular metallic foreign body
Sunildath Cazabon, FRCSEd (Ophthal), Tim R. Dabbs, FRCS, FRCOphth

Rhodococcus globerulus keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis
Osvaldo H. Cuello, MD, M. Josefina Caorlin, MD, Victor E. Reviglio, MD, Lydia Carvajal, PhD, Claudio P. Juarez, MD, Esther Palacio de Guerra, PhD, Jose´ D. Luna, MD

Unidentified foreign objects in the wound after clear corneal tunnel phacoemulsification
Azfar C. Wadood, FRCSEd, Baljean Dhillon, FRCOphth

correspondence
Keratic precipitates and iris nodules after uneventful phacoemulsification in diabetic patients
David Hauser, MD, Amir Buckelman, MD, Haia Katz, MD, Ehud Rechtman, MD, Guy Klayman, MD, Ayala Pollack, MD

Capsular tension ring in eyes with pseudoexfoliation
Javier Moreno-Montañés, MD, PhD, Rosa Rodriguez-Conde, MD

Effect of ablation zone decentration on optical aberrations
Werner Förster, MD, Mathia Wottke, Joachim Fiedler

Evolution of cataract surgery anesthesia
Maurice J. Oakley, MD, David Ellis, CST, Deb Mullins, RN

our appreciation

2002 index

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Continuing Medical Education
CME Coordinator: David E. Silverstone, MD

Ophthalmologists who read the Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery can now earn 5 CME credits in Category 1 of the Physician's Recognition Award of the American Medical Association. Questions have been developed for five articles in this issue, marked with a symbol () in the table of contents. Detailed instructions and a copy of the CME quiz can be obtained from the ASCRS web site (http://www.ascrs.org) or ASCRS Fax-on-demand (732-578-4472).