Outcomes of phacoemulsification in patients with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Bradford J. Shingleton, MD, James Heltzer, MD, Mark W. O’Donoghue, OD

1. According to the study, what was the average vitreous loss in patients with PEX during cataract surgery?
a. 2%
b. 4%
c. 6%
d. 10%

2. Which of the following was true regarding postoperative complications in the PEX group compared with the control group?
a. The incidence of corneal edema was 2 times higher in the PEX group.
b. The incidence of long-lasting postoperative iritis was 1.3 times higher in the PEX group.
c. The incidence of lens decentration was higher in the control group.
d. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups.

3. According to the article,
a. The mean decrease in IOP at 2 years was 2.9 mm Hg in the PEX group.
b. The mean decrease in IOP at 2 years was 3.5 mm Hg in the control group.
c. There was no significant difference in the mean IOP decrease between the 2 groups.
d. There was no significant decrease in the number of glaucoma medications in patients with PEX postoperatively.

4. According to the article, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was
a. Significantly greater in the PEX group than in the control group
b. Significantly lower in the PEX group
c. Not statistically significantly different between the groups
d. 5% lower in the control group than in the PEX group

Efficacy of anterior chamber decompression in controlling early intraocular pressure spikes after uneventful phacoemulsification
Goran Darius Hildebrand, MRCOphth, Sanjeewa S. Wickremasinghe, MRCOphth, Paris G. Tranos, FRCS (Glasg), Martin L. Harris, FRCOphth, Brian C. Little, FRCOphth

5. According to the article,
a. Postoperative IOP peaks in approximately 1 to 2 hours.
b. Postoperative IOP peaks at 5 to 7 hours.
c. Postoperative IOP rise can last for 7-10 days.
d. Postoperative IOP spike does not cause significant complications.

6. According to the study,
a. Anterior chamber decompression has a long-lasting effect in the management of IOP spikes in the early postoperative period.
b. Anterior chamber decompression does not immediately result in IOP decline.
c. The mean IOP, 45 minutes after decompression, was 35.0 +/- 6.5 mm Hg.
d. Immediately after decompression, IOP dropped to a mean of 23.0 +/- 10.8 mm Hg.

7. What are the risk factors for postoperative intraocular hypertension?
a. A water-tight wound closure
b. Preexisting outflow compromise
c. Release of prostoglandins
d. All the above

Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements by specular microscopy, ultrasound pachymetry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy
Eric S. Tam, MD, David S. Rootman, MD, FRCSC

8. According to the study,
a. The mean SD of the CCT by specular microscopy was significantly greater than the mean SD by ultrasound pachymetry and UBM.
b. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean SDs by ultrasound pachymetry and specular microscopy.
c. Regarding CCT values, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean SDs among all 3 methods.
d. The mean CCT was 550 mm by specular microscopy.

9. According to the article, the limit of the clinically acceptable error level is
a. 3 mm
b. 5 mm
c. 7 mm
d. 10 mm

10. According to the article,
a. The ultrasound pachymetry method has the advantage of being operator-independent and noninvasive.
b. The specular microscopy method gives accurate measurements of CCT in patients with corneal edema and scarring.
c. All 3 pachymetry methods generated similar measurements that are clinically acceptable.
d. Corneal thickness measurements from optical and ultrasound pachymetry methods are comparable

Cleavage of corneal basement membrane components by ethanol exposure in laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy
Edgar M. Espana, MD, Martin Grueterich, MD, Antonio Mateo, MD, Andre C. Romano, MD, Steven B. Yee, MD, Richard W. Yee, MD, Scheffer C.G. Tseng, MD, PhD

11. According to the study, the cleavage plane of the ethanol-induced corneal epithelial flap is located
a. above the lamina lucida
b. between the lamina lucida and the lamina densa of the basement membrane
c. in Descemet’s layer
d. in the corneal stroma

12. What type of collagen is the main component of the anchoring fibrils?
a. Type I
b. Type III
c. Type V
d. Type VII

Deep venous thrombosis following uneventful phacoemulsification
T. Ong, MBBS, P. Trancos, FRCS, J. Jagger, FRCS, FRCOphth

13. All the following are considered risk factors for DVT following cataract surgery except
a. Atrial fibrillation
b. Factor V Lieden deficiency
c. Previous thromboembolism
d. An age of less than 40 years

14. What are the reasonable precautions that should be considered in patients with higher risk for DVT after intraocular surgery?
a. Intermittent pneumatic pressure compression stockings
b. Hospitalization for monitoring postoperatively
c. Close cooperation between ophthalmologists and hematologists
d. All the above

15. According to the article,
a. Deep venous thrombosis after ocular surgery occurs in an average of 5-10 cases per 100,000.
b. Factor V Leiden has a prevalence in the general population of 0% to 8.5%.
c. Factor V Leiden mutation has a higher prevalence in Asians.
d. The relative risk of DVT with a Factor V Leiden mutation was 5.5 times that of patients without the mutation.