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Moderator
Sarah H. Van Tassel, MD
Panelists
Shivani S. Kamat, MD, ABO; Nir Shoham-Hazon, MD
Viewing Papers
Expand a paper title to the right to view the paper abstract and authors. Use the video link to jump to that poster in the session.
Presenting Author
Mark J. Gallardo, MD
Co-Authors
Rupali Nangia (MS), Andy Lee (MD), Jill Ling (MSc), Yi-Jing Duh (PhD), George Reiss (MD, MS)
Purpose
The ELIOS system (Bausch + Lomb) is an ophthalmic excimer laser trabecular bypass minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). This trial evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the MIGS system to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in adults with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) undergoing cataract surgery.
Methods
This was a prospective, non-randomized 24-month clinical trial at 20 sites in the USA (NCT04899063). Patients were aged ?45 years with mild-to-moderate POAG, an operable age-related cataract eligible for phacoemulsification with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse, medicated IOP of ?24 mmHg and unmedicated diurnal IOP (DIOP) of 22-34 mmHg. Patients meeting all inclusion criteria underwent the ELIOS procedure after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The co-primary effectiveness endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving a decrease in medication-free mean DIOP of ?20%, and mean change in medication-free DIOP, from baseline at 12 months. Safety was assessed throughout the trial
Results
TBD
Conclusion
TBD
Presenting Author
Osamah J. Saeedi, MD, MS
Co-Authors
Nessa Pantfoerder (BSc), Reena Chopra (PhD), Mary Durbin (PhD)
Purpose
A cutoff of 0.7 for vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) can be used to separate eyes likely to have glaucoma from control eyes for population studies, but there is a significant overlap with normal eyes. The purpose of this study is to compare the utility of an OCT based vs VCDR as a criterion for glaucoma in studies.
Methods
Data from the Institute for Digital Health (IDHea), a secure data ecosystem, was used, and consisted of 3D wide OCT images, with fundus images taken as part of the same scan protocol, from Maestro (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Data was accessed and analyzed in a secure environment on Azure Databricks. AutoMorph (Zhou et al, TVST, 2022) was used to generate cup and disc heights, and the ratio provided the VCDR. A recently developed screening score (Fukai et al, TVST, 2022) was generated using the OCT data (FN score). Poor quality images were excluded. A confusion matrix was generated to compare the number of eyes likely to have glaucoma (VCDR>0.7, SS>90) between the two methods.
Results
406340 images from patients over 40 were screened using a heuristic intended to eliminate poor fundus and OCT images, leaving 209575. VCDR and the FN score agreed on the normality of 81% of scans and on 2.7% of the scans being likely to have glaucoma, consistent with the expected low prevalence of glaucoma in an optometry setting. The FN score flags a larger total number of eyes (16.5% compared to 13.5%). The average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was thinnest in the eyes flagged by both methods but was notably thinner in the VCDR+/FN- group than in the VCDR-/FN+ group.
Conclusion
VCDR remains a familiar clinical metric while the FN score provides a potentially more objective approach that may be more sensitive to early glaucomatous change. Together, they offer complementary strengths in identifying eyes that warrant closer follow-up.
Presenting Author
Minoo Tohidi Kaloorazi, MD
Co-Authors
Taylor Lukasik (MD), Jamie Beckman (DO), Iqbal Ike Ahmed (MD, FRCSC), Matthew Schlenker (MD, FRCSC)
Purpose
To evaluate the accuracy, completeness, and clinical utility of AI-generated notes (ChatGPT-4o) compared to prepared notes by clinical fellows in a glaucoma clinic.
Methods
This prospective comparative study is being conducted at Prism Eye Institute with three clinical fellows (two preparing notes, one reviewing) and 50 patients. Fellows generate pre-visit notes using available data and anticipated findings, while ChatGPT-4o produces parallel drafts from the same anonymized information. Notes are blinded and scored by a senior fellow using the 9-Item Physician Documentation Quality Instrument (PDQI-9), assessing accuracy, clarity, organization, and clinical usefulness (excluding imaging/referral-dependent items). Analyses will include descriptive statistics, independent t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and ICCs for inter-rater reliability.
Results
Data collection is ongoing. Preliminary results from 16 patients indicate a mean PQDI-9 score of 32.93 for the clinical fellow group and 22.5 for the AI-generated notes. Within the AI group, the highest scores were observed for being thorough (51) and organized (50), while the lowest score was for being comprehensible (38). In the clinical fellow group, the highest score was 72 for being internally consistent.
Conclusion
Preliminary analysis shows that clinical fellow notes outperformed AI-generated notes on PQDI-9, with higher scores for internal consistency (72 vs. 45). AI notes scored best in thoroughness and organization but remained below fellows. Ongoing data collection will allow more robust comparisons and clarify AI's role in documentation.
Presenting Author
Ali Salimi, MD, MSc
Co-Authors
Hala Helmi (MBBS), Hady Saheb (MD, MPH), Paul Harasymowycz (MD, FRCSC, MSc)
Purpose
To evaluate the 5-year efficacy and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT), performed alone or in combination with cataract extraction, in patients with varying severities of open-angle glaucoma.
Methods
Consecutive case series of patients with mild-to-severe open-angle glaucoma who underwent either GATT alone or combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco-GATT) between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was surgical success, defined using 16 criteria adapted from the American Academy of Ophthalmology MIGS reporting recommendations, incorporating intraocular pressure (IOP) thresholds (?21, ?18, ?15 mmHg), medication reduction, and the need for additional glaucoma surgery. Secondary outcomes included changes in IOP, use of anti-glaucoma medications (AGMs), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, and adverse events."
Results
74 eyes (56 GATT-only, 18 Phaco-GATT) were included. Mean baseline IOP was 23.1±8.0 mmHg on 3.2±1.3 anti-glaucoma medications (AGMs). At 5 years, mean IOP decreased by 9.6 mmHg (41.6%; p<0.001), and AGM use decreased by 1.1 (34.3%; p<0.001). Surgical success rates ranged from 26% (stringent criteria: IOP ?15 mmHg on at least one fewer AGM) to 62% (lenient criteria: no reoperation for uncontrolled IOP or disease progression). Cox proportional hazards analysis identified combined Phaco-GATT as being associated with higher success (HR 0.23; p=0.015) and prior SLT as being associated with lower success (HR 2.5; p=0.017). BCVA and OCT parameters remained stable throughout follow-up.
Conclusion
GATT offers sustained 5-year reductions in IOP and AGM use with a favorable safety across glaucoma severities. Combined Phaco-GATT may offer higher long-term success than GATT alone, whereas prior SLT may be associated with increased risk of failure. These findings support GATT as an effective long-term surgical option in real-world practice.
Presenting Author
Christoph F. Kranemann, MD
Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bilateral glaucoma surgery.
Methods
This was a consecutive prospective study. Patients underwent simultaneous bilateral glaucoma surgery in the MIGS category. They were followed for a minimum of 6 month postoperatively. Their intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, reoperations as well as optic nerve imaging and visual fields were followed.
Results
32 patients completed the study. 22 underwent bilateral goniotomies with removal of the nasal portion of the trabecular meshwork and 10 underwent a goniotomy in one eye and a microshunt implantation in the second eye. The mean preoperative IOP was 28.4 mm Hg and number of medications 4. At 6 months the mean postoperative IOP as 13.2 mm Hg (P<.01) and number of medications 1.5 (P<.01). One of the goniotomy eyes required a shunt at month 6. No patients experienced any further optic nerve or field loss. There were no cases of vision loss. Microhyphema was present in 47/54 goniotomies, one of which took 1 months to resolve.
Conclusion
Bilateral simultaneous MIGS may be an effective alternative for patients with bilateral high pressures or long travel distances. Its safety profile appears to be acceptable compared to traditional glaucoma surgery. It requires further large scale study.
Presenting Author
Kevin Yang Wu, MD
Co-Authors
Michael Marchand (MD, FRCSC)
Purpose
This study compares the efficacy and safety of Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy and second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stent (iStent inject) combined with cataract extraction, addressing prior research limitations that focused on first-generation stents or small, non-North American cohorts.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, single-center, observational, longitudinal case series to compare the efficacy and safety of these two types of microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). The intervention was combined with elective cataract extraction. Data collection included IOP, IOP-lowering medications and best-correct visual acuity (BCVA) preoperatively and at 1 day, 2 weeks, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months 18 months and 24 months postoperatively. In addition, intraoperative and postoperative adverse events were also be examined. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients in each group attaining 20% reduction of IOP.
Results
A total of 110 patients (176 eyes) were included: 142 eyes in the iStent inject group and 34 eyes in the KDB group. A ?20% IOP reduction was achieved in 67% of iStent inject and 50% of KDB eyes (not significant). More iStent inject patients reached IOP <19 mmHg at final follow-up (81% vs. 71%). Adverse events were more frequent with KDB (47.1% vs. 15.5%), primarily hyphema and ocular hypertension. The KDB group had a higher failure rate (29.4% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Both iStent inject and KDB combined with cataract extraction effectively lower IOP, but KDB carries higher complication and failure rates. Procedure selection should consider patient characteristics, glaucoma severity, and surgeon experience. Further studies are warranted to optimize patient selection and outcomes.
Presenting Author
Shamil Patel, MD, MBA
Co-Authors
David Lubeck (MD), Keith Barton (MBBS, FRCOphth), Nathan Kerr (FRANZCO, MD), Nir Shoham-Hazon (MD)
Purpose
To investigate the effectiveness and correlation of pressurized ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) volume delivered during ab-interno canaloplasty to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes.
Methods
Eyes with glaucoma diagnosis and with ?270° microcatheter circumnavigation of Schlemm's canal were collated from multicenter cloud-based database (iTGDR, part of the International Glaucoma Surgery Registry). All patients underwent ab-interno canaloplasty via iTrack or iTrack Advance (Nova Eye Inc) combined with phacoemulsification. Eyes were stratified based on OVD family (Healon, Healon GV, Provisc) and by amount of microboluses delivered (10-39; 40-59; 60-80). Success was defined as achieving criteria set by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Results
307 eyes have been enrolled at baseline. Postop data was taken from the last follow-up available (mean: 20.2±7.3 months). Mean OVD volume delivered was 118.3±27.7 µl or 47.3±11.1 microboluses (range: 25-175 µl or 10-70 microboluses). Success rate was 59%, 64% and 55% (p=0.404) between groups 10-39, 40-59 and 60-80 microboluses respectively. Success by OVD family are as follows: Healon, 64%; Healon Pro, 54%; and Provisc, 55% (p=0.310). IOP spikes at Day 1 were 4% for Healon and 6% for Healon GV. No data was available for Provisc at Day 1.
Conclusion
Success rate was not significantly influenced by OVD type or volume delivered, though outcomes trended better with 40-59 microboluses. Lower volumes may only lubricate Schlemm's canal, while higher volumes add no benefit. Healon Pro showed higher success, but confirmation requires larger studies.
Presenting Author
Samantha Goldburg, MD
Co-Authors
Jessie Wang (MD), Shivani Kamat (MD), Mary Qiu (MD), David Lubeck (MD), Keith Barton (MBBS, FRCOphth), Nir Shoham-Hazon (MD)
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety profile of standalone ab-interno canaloplasty performed using the iTrack microcatheter (Nova Eye Medical) compared to ab-interno canaloplasty combined with cataract surgery.
Methods
Data were collected from the prospective multicenter cloud-based database (iTGDR, part of the International Glaucoma Surgery Registry - IGSR), including eyes with glaucoma diagnosis and 12 months follow-up data. Patients underwent canaloplasty using the ab-interno technique with the iTrack or iTrack Advance (Nova Eye Inc., Fremont, USA), either as a standalone procedure (standalone group) or combined with cataract surgery (+phaco group). Success was defined as achieving criteria set by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Results
A total of 344 eyes were followed for a mean of 20.5±7.9 months. In the standalone group (26 eyes: 20 phakic, 6 pseudophakic), mean baseline IOP and medication use decreased significantly from 20.2±7.1 mmHg and 2.3±0.9 medications to 15.3±6.3 mmHg (p=0.006) and 1.5±1.6 medications (p=0.001). In the +phaco group (318 eyes), IOP and medication use were significantly reduced from 17.2±5.3 mmHg and 2.1±1.1 medications at baseline to 14.1±3.9 mmHg and 1.3±1.4 medications at postop (both p<0.001). Success was achieved in 35% of standalone eyes and 62% of +phaco eyes. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusion
Both standalone canaloplasty and canaloplasty combined with cataract surgery using the iTrack microcatheter significantly reduced intraocular pressure and the number of medications, with no serious adverse events observed.
Presenting Author
Nir Shoham-Hazon, MD
Co-Authors
David Lubeck (MD), Keith Barton (MBBS, FRCOphth), Nathan Kerr (FRANZCO, MD)
Purpose
Report the safety and efficacy of ab-interno canaloplasty using the iTrack device (Nova Eye Medical, Fremont, USA) in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).
Methods
Prospective multicenter (Australia, USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany) case series of 43 eyes in 38 patients with PACG undergoing canaloplasty via an ab-interno technique, with or without cataract extraction. Data was retrieved from the International Glaucoma Surgery Registry. Outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications and adverse events. Success was defined as achieving criteria set by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Results
Mean IOP (mmHg) and number of medications decreased from 20.2±6.6 and 2.4±1.4 at baseline to 12.9±3.8 (-36.2%, p<0.001) and 1.3±1.5 (-44.2%, p<0.001) postoperatively (mean last follow up: 24.5±8.4 months). The 5 eyes operated with canaloplasty as a standalone procedure had baseline IOP of 21.6±6.4 and required 2.4±1.7 medications, which reduced postoperatively to 12.4±4.0 (-42.6%, p=0.001) and 1.6±1.8 (-33.3%, p=0.016), respectively. Thirty-two eyes (74.4%) achieved success at postop, and 41.9% (18/43) were medication-free postoperatively as opposed to 7.0% (3/43) at baseline. One eye (2.3%) had cystoid macular oedema that resolved without late sequela.
Conclusion
Canaloplasty, with or without phacoemulsification, performed on PACG eyes resulted in significant IOP and medication reductions, with most eyes medication-free up to 24 months.
Presenting Author
Paul Singh, MD
Co-Authors
David Lubeck (MD), Keith Barton (MBBS, FRCOphth), Nathan Kerr (FRANZCO, MD), Nir Shoham-Hazon (MD)
Purpose
Collating results from the iTrack Global Data Registry (iTGDR), this study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of ab-interno canaloplasty in reducing IOP and number of medications across all grades of glaucoma severity and types of glaucoma.
Methods
Prospective multicenter cloud-based database (iTGDR, part of the International Glaucoma Surgery Registry - IGSR), real-world study including glaucoma patients undergoing canaloplasty with the iTrack or iTrack Advance device (Nova Eye Inc., Fremont, USA) combined with phacoemulsification. Mean reduction in IOP and number of medications (meds) were the primary endpoints and eyes were grouped based on baseline glaucoma severity (early: better than -6dB; moderate: -6dB to -12dB; severe: worse than -12 dB), and glaucoma type.
Results
318 eyes were enrolled up to May 2025. Postop data was taken from last follow-up (mean: 20.4±7.9 months). IOP and meds for primary open angle glaucoma (OAG) at preop vs postop: 16.9±5.0 vs 14.0±3.6 (n=263; -17.3%, p<0.001) and 2.1±1.1 vs 1.4±1.4 (-36.1%, p<0.001); for secondary OAG: 18.6±5.3 vs 14.4±5.9 (n=20; -22.7%, p<0.001) and 1.6±0.9 vs 0.7±1.0 (-59.4%, p<0.001); for ocular hypertension: 19.6±6.8 vs 15.9±4.2 (n=25; -18.7%, p<0.001) and 1.5±0.9 vs 0.6±1.0 (-57.9%, p<0.001). IOP for early, moderate and severe groups at preop was 17.1±4.7 (n=186), 17.2±5.7 (n=62), 15.8±4.0 (n=40); at postop 14.2±3.7 (-16.5%, p<0.001), 14.2±3.6 (-17.8%, p<0.001), 13.2±4.7 (-16.4%, p=0.002) respectively.
Conclusion
Canaloplasty via an ab-interno technique was able to effectively reduce IOP and medication use across all types and stages of glaucoma.
Presenting Author
Mahmoud A. Khaimi, MD
Co-Authors
Shamil Patel (MD, MBA), David Lubeck (MD)
Purpose
To investigate the clinical outcomes of canaloplasty performed with the iTrack microcatheter (Nova Eye Medical, Fremont, USA) as a standalone procedure and in combination with phacoemulsification in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).
Methods
A single-center, retrospective case series of eyes undergoing canaloplasty via an ab-interno technique with a diagnosis of PACG based on gonioscopy findings. Patients were excluded if they had previously undergone a glaucoma procedure other than selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) or cyclophotocoagulation (CPC). Eyes were also grouped by glaucoma severity (mild, moderate, severe) based on mean deviation preoperative values. Outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma medications.
Results
60 eyes (9 ABiC-standalone and 51 ABiC+phaco) were eligible. Mean preop IOP (mmHg) was 21.9±7.3; medications was 1.95±1.4. At latest follow-up (mean 26±9 months), IOP reduced to 14.6±3.7 (p<0.001) and meds to 0.96±1.2 (p<0.001) respectively. IOP reduction (preop vs postop) was significant p<0.001) for groups: ABiC-standalone, 22.8±6.7 to 17.0±3.4; ABiC+phaco, 21.7±7.4 to 14.2±3.7; mild glaucoma eyes, 20.8±4.9 to 15.5±3.6; moderate, 21.9±8.6 to 13.9±3.9; severe, 23.5±11.3 to 12.4±3.2, with no postop difference between severity groups. Medication reduction was significant for ABiC+phaco group and in mild glaucoma eyes. No serious intraoperative or postop complications were reported.
Conclusion
Canaloplasty via an ab-interno surgical technique, performed as standalone or combined with phacoemulsification, is a safe and clinically effective treatment in primary angle closure glaucoma patients up to 2 years.
Presenting Author
Mahmoud A. Khaimi, MD
Co-Authors
Shamil Patel (MD, MBA), David Lubeck (MD)
Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ab-interno canaloplasty using the iTrack microcatheter in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
Methods
This retrospective, single-center case series included eyes with POAG treated with iTrack ab-interno canaloplasty (Nova Eye Medical, USA), performed either as a standalone procedure or combined with phacoemulsification and followed up for a minimum of 12 months. Primary outcomes were changes in IOP and number of glaucoma medications. Secondary outcomes included visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD), complications, need for additional glaucoma surgery, and surgical success (as defined by American Academy of Ophthalmology [AAO] criteria). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on disease severity, baseline IOP (?18 mmHg vs >18 mmHg), and preoperative medication use (0-4).
Results
Both standalone (n=167) and combined (n=364) procedures achieved significant reductions in IOP and medication use (p<0.001). At the last follow-up (mean: 20.4±7.7 months), mean IOP was reduced by 3.29±6.0 mmHg in the combined group (from 17.5±5.8 to 14.2±3.8 mmHg) and by 4.50±6.1 mmHg in the standalone group (from 20.2±6.0 to 15.7±4.3 mmHg), with the standalone group showing a significantly greater absolute IOP reduction (p=0.025). Medication burden was reduced by 1.05±1.06 medications in the combined group and by 0.84±1.15 in the standalone group (p=0.032). Subgroup analyses confirmed significant IOP and/or medication reductions across all strata, with greater relative benefits in eyes with uncontrolled baseline IOP (>18 mmHg). Surgical success was 64% in combined and 47 % in standalone procedures; success was 75% and 46% in eyes with uncontrolled and controlled baseline IOP. Intraoperative complications were infrequent (1.6%), and 13.1% of eyes required additional glaucoma surgery during follow-up.
Conclusion
Ab-interno canaloplasty using iTrack microcatheter as a standalone procedure or combined with phacoemulsification achieved sustained IOP and meds reductions, with low rate of complications. Outcomes were consistent across varying levels of disease severity and baseline IOP, with greatest benefits observed in eyes with elevated preoperative IOP.
Presenting Author
David M. Lubeck, MD
Co-Authors
Keith Barton (MBBS, FRCOphth), Nathan Kerr (FRANZCO, MD), Nir Shoham-Hazon (MD), Shamil Patel (MD, MBA)
Purpose
The iTrack Global Data Registry (iTGDR) was established to collect comprehensive real-world data on the efficacy and safety of canaloplasty.
Methods
This is a prospective, multicenter, real-world study conducted in the USA, Canada, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Data were collected in a cloud-based registry and included patients with primary and secondary open-angle glaucoma undergoing canaloplasty. Only eyes with at least 12 months of follow-up and combined with phacoemulsification were included. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at the last available follow-up. Success was defined as achieving criteria set by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Results
This study included 318 eyes of 237 patients up to May 2025. Mean baseline IOP and medication use were 17.2±5.3 mmHg and 2.1±1.1, respectively, and were significantly reduced to 14.1±3.9 mmHg and 1.3±1.4 medications (p<0.001) at the last available follow up (mean: 20.4±7.9 months). Medication-free eyes increased from 7.0% (n=22) at baseline to 42.8% (n=134) postoperatively. Success was achieved in 61.9% of eyes (n=197) at postop. Intraoperative complications occurred in 0.3% of cases (n=1), and postoperative complications in 2.2% of cases (n=7).
Conclusion
Canaloplasty performed via an ab-interno approach reduced IOP and medications in patients with primary and secondary open-angle glaucoma. The iTGDR provides valuable real-world evidence on the clinical effectiveness of canaloplasty, supporting evidence-based decision-making in glaucoma treatment.
Presenting Author
James T Murphy, III, MD
Purpose
To investigate the outcomes of ab-interno canaloplasty with the iTrack microcatheter (Nova Eye Medical, Fremont, USA) performed as a standalone procedure or in combination with gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT).
Methods
This single-center, retrospective case series included patients with moderate to severe primary open-angle glaucoma and no history of glaucoma surgery, except for SLT or CPC, who underwent ab-interno canaloplasty (ABiC group) or ABiC combined with GATT (ABiC+GATT). All eyes, except one, underwent canaloplasty combined with phacoemulsification. The primary endpoints were mean intraocular pressure (IOP) and the mean number of medications. P values were provided only for groups with ?10 eyes.
Results
21 eyes (5 ABiC and 16 ABiC+GATT) were included. The mean baseline IOP (mmHg) was 24.0±5.1 in the ABiC group and 21.8±5.4 in the ABiC+GATT group. At the 3- and 5-year follow-up, mean IOP decreased to 13.2±1.1 (-45%) and 13.4±1.5 (-44%) in the ABiC group, and to 13.6±1.8 (-37%; p<0.001) and 13.6±2.1 (-37%; n=8) in the ABiC+GATT group. In the ABiC group, the p value was not available (n=5), but the IOP reduction ranged from 5 to 20 mmHg. Medication use remained stable in the ABiC group (from 1.8±1.1 at baseline to 1.4±1.5 at all timepoints), while the reduction was significant in the ABiC+GATT group: 3.1±1.4 at baseline vs 1.8±0.8 (p=0.003) and 1.3±0.5 (n=8) at the 3- and 5-year follow-up.
Conclusion
In eyes with glaucoma, ab-interno canaloplasty combined with phacoemulsification resulted in a sustained and comparable reduction in IOP up to 5 years postoperatively, whether performed as a standalone procedure or in combination with GATT. A larger cohort is needed to validate these results.
